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Prof. Javed Musarrat

Biomolecules (2020)

Authors: Tijo Cherian, Khursheed Ali, Javed Musarrat

Chemically synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) involve the generation of toxic products, which narrowed its biological application. Hence, we have developed a one‐pot, green method for CuONP production employing the leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus (CLE). Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis confirmed the capping of CuONPs by CLE esters (CLE‐CuONPs). Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) showed phenolics, sugars, and proteins mediated nucleation and stability of CLE‐CuONPs. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed CLE‐CuONPs between 11.4 to 14.5 nm. Staphylococcus aureus‐1 (MRSA‐1), Staphylococcus aureus‐2 (MSSA‐2) exposed to CLE‐CuONPs (1500 μg/mL) showed 51.4%, 32.41% survival, while Escherichia coli‐336 (E. coli‐336) exposed to 1000 μg/mL CLE‐CuONPs showed 45.27% survival. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of CLE‐CuONPs treated E. coli‐336, MSSA‐2 and MRSA‐1 showed morphological deformations. The biofilm production by E. coli‐336 and MRSA‐1 also declined to 33.0 ± 3.2% and 49.0 ± 3.1% at 2000 μg/mL of CLE‐CuONPs. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) showed 22.80 ± 2.6%, 19.2 ± 4.2%, and 16.2 ± 3.6% accumulation of Cu2+ in E. coli‐336, MSSA‐2, and MRSA‐1. Overall, the data exhibited excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacies of esters functionalized CLE‐CuONPs, indicating its putative application as a novel nano‐antibiotic against multi drug resistance (MDR) pathogenic clinical isolates.

Materials Science & Engineering C (2019)

Authors: Khursheed Ali, Bilal Ahmed, Mohd Saghir Khana, Javed Musarrat

This study demonstrates a simple one-pot green method for biosynthesis of terpenoids encapsulated copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Eucalyptus globulus (ELE), as reducing, dispersing, and stabilizing agent. Indeed, the greater attachment and internalization of ELE-CuONPs in Gram-positive and -negative biofilm producing clinical bacterial isolates validated the hypothesis that terpenoids encapsulated CuONPs are more stable and effective antibacterial and antibiofilm agent vis-à-vis commercially available nano and micro sized analogues. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis of pristine ELE identified 17 types of terpenoids based on their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios. Amongst them four bioactive terpenoids viz. terpineols, 2,6-octadienal-3,7-dimethyl, benzamidophenyl-4-benzoate and β-eudesmol were found associated with the CuONPs as ELE-cap, and most likely involved in the nucleation and stabilization of ELE-CuONPs. Further, the Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) analysis of ELE-CuONPs also implicated other functional biomolecules like proteins, sugars, alkenes, etc. with ELE terpenoids corona. Flow cytometric (FCM) data exhibited significantly enhanced intracellular uptake propensity of terpenoids encapsulated ELE-CuONPs and accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which ensued killing of planktonic cells of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESβL) producing Escherichia coli-336 (E. coli-336), Pseudomonas aeruginosa-621 (P. aeruginosa-621) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-1 (MRSA-1) clinical isolates compared to the bare surface commercial nano-CuO and bulk sized CuO. The study for the first-time demonstrated the (i) differential bio-nano interface activities due to ELE surface and varied cell wall composition of test bacterial isolates, (ii) antibacterial effect and biofilm inhibition due to disruption of proteins involved in adhesion and biofilm formation triggered by CuONPs induced intracellular oxidative stress, and (iii) indigenous terpenoids-capped bio-inspired CuONPs are more stable and effective antibacterial and antibiofilm agent as compared with commercially available nano- CuO and bulk-CuO.